Latihan ujian sekolah penting untuk dilakukan. Hal ini disebabkan, dengan banyak melakukan latihan soal adalah salah satu cara agar siswa bisa membiasakan diri untuk menjawab soal dengan cepat dan tepat.Tidak hanya itu saja, latihan soal juga bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif siswa karena siswa dapat mengulang kembali meteri yang dipelajarinya sehingga semakin paham dan siswa juga mendapat berbagai pengetahuan baru.
Kata-kata motivasi nama buah sebagai singkatan untuk meningkatkan imun dan iman
Kata-kata motivasi nama buah sebagai singkatan untuk meningkatkan imun dan iman
1. Markisa, ( Mari kita sabar) = Jgn terlalu egois menyikapi sesuatu utamanya ttg Aqidah, pahami dulu baru merespon.
2. Stroberi, ( Selalu Introspeksi Belajar Rendah Hati/ Tawadhu) = Tdk panas hati/emosi membaca/mendengar berita.
3. Salak, ( Selalu baik dalam bertindak) = bersabar, berpikir dulu baru berbuat.
4. Jeruk, ( Jangan berbuat buruk) = Jgn Cepat menvonis orang tdk baik dlm berpikir sebelum kita mengetahui masalah nya.
5. Pisang, ( Pantang iri, Sombong dan Angkuh) = Jgn suka Riya, Sum'ah, Ujub,Takabur ( Pamer dan ingin dipuji dgn menceritakan/ lewat video giat² keagamaan dll dan melalui penampilan utk di hormati orang lain).
6. Anggur, ( Anda Gemar Bersyukur) = Selalu bersyukur atas nikmat yg ada, jgn bangga/sombong karena segala sesuatu itu hanya titipan Allah
7. Melon, ( Menolong orang lain) = Ikut Prihatin atas kesusahan orang/Empati, mau membantu orang utk keluar dr masalah.
8. Tomat ( Tobat sebelum kiamat) = Hidup itu singkat jgn di sia²kan, sempurnakan lah ibadah dgn meraih Ridha Allah
9. Talas, ( Tak ada kata malas) = Selalu berikhtiar/ Berusaha dan hanya minta pertolongan kpd Allah.
10. Mentimun ( Menuntut ilmu tidak banyak melamun) = Tetap belajar/ mengasah otak yg bermanfaat supaya kita tdk Pikun
Selamat menikmati Buah² Kebaikan, salam sehat selalu..dan salam tangguh...
(dari berbagai sumber)
Metode Kepramukaan
Metode Kepramukaan
Metode kepramukaan merupakan cara belajar interaktif
progresif , yang terdiri atas 8 metode, antara lain melalui :
- Pengalaman kode kehormatan pramuka
- Belajar sambil melakukan
- Kegiatan berkelompok, bekerjasama, dan berkompetisi
- Kegiatan yang menarik dan menantang
- Kegiatan di alam terbuka
- Kehadiran orang dewasa yang memberikan bimbingan, dorongan, dan dukungan
- Penghargaan berupa tanda kecakapan
- Satuan terpisah antara putra dan putri
Lebih jelasnya bisa dilihat pada video berikut
Etiquette Of Sitting At A Meeting according to Islam (Al Mujadilah : 11)
Etiquette Of Sitting At A Meeting according to Islam
O you who believe, if it is said to you, "Be spacious
in the assembly," then be spacious, Allah will make room for you. And when
it is said, "Stand up", then stand up, Allah will raise those who
believe among you and those who are given knowledge by several degrees. And
Allah is Knowing of what you do (Al Mujadilah: 11)
Qatadah says that this verse was revealed regarding the
assembly of remembrance. That's because when they see someone from them who has
just arrived, they don't give room for a seat in front of the Messenger of
Allah. So Allah commanded them that some of them should provide space for the
others to sit.
Muqatil ibn Hayan said that this verse was revealed on
Friday, while the Messenger of Allah on that day was in the suffah (porch of
the mosque); and the place is full of people. The Prophet's habit was to
glorify those who took part in the battle of Badr, both from the Muhajirin and
from the Ansar. At that time a number of people from among the experts of the
battle of Badr came, while people other than them had taken their seats near
the Messenger of Allah. So those who had just arrived, stood facing the
Messenger of Allah and said, "May peace be upon you, O Prophet of Allah,
and also His blessings."
Then the Prophet (SAW) answered their greetings. After that
they also greeted the people who were present, and the people who were present
answered their greetings. So they could only stand there waiting to be given
space for them to sit in the assembly. The Prophet SAW knew the cause that kept
them standing, because there was no room for them in the assembly. Seeing this,
the Prophet SAW felt bad, so he said to the people around him from the
Muhajirin and Ansar who were not from the Badr experts, "O So and so,
stand up. Also you, ai Fulan". And the Prophet SAW invited several people
to sit before him from among the Muhajirin and Ansar Experts of Badr. This
treatment displeased the people who were ordered to get up from their seats,
and the Prophet SAW knew this situation from the facial expressions of those
who were told to get up from their seats.
So the hypocrites gave their response, "Don't you think
your friend is doing justly among human beings? By Allah, we consider it unfair
to them. Verily a people have taken their seats near their prophet because they
like to be around his prophet. But their prophet told them to get up from their
seats, and invited those who came late to sit in their places.
The Messenger of Allah (SAW) said, "May Allah have mercy
on the one who gives space for his brother to sit."
So since then, they hastened to widen the seat for their
brother, and this verse came down on Friday.
The Messenger of Allah said, "Do not ask someone else
to stand up from his assembly and then he sits in his place, but widen and
widen your seat."
The Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: Do not let any of you
expel his brother (from his seat) on Friday, but let him say "Spawn your
seats".
The Prophet (SAW) has said: Let no one throw his brother out
of his seat, then he sits in his place, but (say) "Be spacious, may Allah
grant you spaciousness."
Fiqh scholars differ regarding the permissibility of
standing out of respect for someone who comes. There are several opinions among
them; of them there are those who give rukhsah (generosity) in this case
because it is based on the evidence of the hadith which states: "Stand up
to respect your leader"
But among them there are those who forbid because of
postulated another hadith of the Prophet SAW which states: "Whoever feels
happy when people stand up to honor him, then let him get ready to take his
seat in hell".
Among the scholars there are those who respond to this issue
in detail, namely that standing up to respect someone is allowed, if the
respected person has just arrived from a trip, while that person (judge/ruler)
is within his jurisdiction.
This is shown by the hadith which narrates that when Sa'd
ibn Mu'az was the judge of the Banu Quraizah, and the Prophet saw him arriving,
he said to the Muslims: "Stand up to honor your leader".
This respect is aimed at nothing but the decision of Sa'd
ibn Mu'az later to be respected and obeyed; only Allah is All-Knowing. As for
if the habit is made a tradition, then it is a habit that is carried out by the
people of 'Ajam (other than Arabs). Therefore, in the books of the sunnah it is
stated that there is no one more beloved to them (the Muslims), other than the
Messenger of Allah. And when he came to them, they did not stand up for him,
because they knew that he did not like it
In the hadith narrated in the books of Sunnah, it is stated
that the Messenger of Allah (SAW) had never sat at the very end of an assembly,
but he always sat in the middle of the assembly. While the companions sat near
him according to their rank. So Abu Bakr As-Sidiq r.a. sitting on his right,
Umar r.a. on his left, while in front of him is often Uthman and Ali, because
both of them are scribes of revelation. And it was the Prophet himself who
ordered them to do this.
The Messenger of Allah (SAW) said: "Let those who have
the mind and intellect sit beside me, then those who are after them, then those
who are after them."
This is nothing but intended so that they can understand
from him, what he said. Because of this, he (peace be upon him) ordered those
sitting near him to get up and to sit in their places the people of Badr who
had just arrived. This is sometimes because they do not appreciate the position
of the experts of Badr, or so that the newly arrived experts of Badr can
receive their share of knowledge as has been received by those before them, or
perhaps to teach them that those who have that virtue (expert Badr) should be
prioritized to be in front (close to the Prophet SAW).
Rasulullah SAW said: "Straighten all rows, align (your)
shoulders, close all emptiness (saf), and soften your hands towards your
brothers, and do not let your vacancy (saf) be occupied by Satan. Whoever
connects his saf, then Allah will relate to him; And whoever breaks the row,
Allah will cut off his relationship with him.”
That's why Ubay ibn Ka'b who is considered an expert in the
Qurra, when he reached the first row, he took someone from him, who was one of
the weak-minded people, then he entered the first row and replaced him. He did
so because he adhered to the following hadith which says:
"Should accompany me from you, virtuous and reasonable
people"
Unlike the attitude
of Abdullah ibn Umar, he did not want to sit in the place of someone who rose
from him for him, because he practiced the hadith mentioned above.
In a hadith, it is stated that when we (the companions) were
sitting with the Messenger of Allah, suddenly three people came. One of them
found an emptiness in halqah, so he entered and sat on it. While the others
just sat behind the people, and the third person left again.
Then the Messenger of Allah said: "Remember, I will
tell you about the best of the three people. As for the first one, he took
refuge in Allah, so Allah made a place for him. As for the second person, he
feels ashamed, so Allah is ashamed of him. And as for the third person, he
turned away, so Allah turned away from him."
Rasulullah SAW said, "It is not permissible for a
person to separate between two people (in an assembly), except with his
permission".
Abdur Rahman ibn Zaid ibn Aslam said that in the past they
(the companions) when they were in the presence of the Prophet SAW at his
house, and the time for dispersal had arrived, then each of them wanted him to
be the last person to disperse from his side. And there were times when the Prophet
SAW objected to the situation, because perhaps the Prophet SAW had other needs.
For this reason, they were ordered to leave when it was time for the assembly
to disband.
The Word of Allah SWT: Surely Allah will exalt those who
believe among you and those who are given knowledge by several degrees. And
Allah is Knowing of what you do (Al Mujadillah: 11)
That is, do not think that if anyone among you gives room
for his brother who has just arrived, or he is ordered to get up from his seat
for his brother, that will reduce his right (lowering him). No, even that is a
high degree for him in the sight of Allah SWT, and Allah will not waste that
reward for him, in fact He will reward him in this world and the hereafter.
For, indeed, whoever humbles himself to Allah's commandments, Allah will surely
exalt his position and make his name proud.
It is narrated that Nafi' ibn Abdul Haris met Umar r.a. in
Asfan, and previously Umar had appointed him to be his amil in Mecca. So Umar
asked him, "Who will replace you to rule the valley expert (i.e.
Mecca)?". Nafi' replied, "I appointed as my successor to them, Ibn
Abza - one of our former slaves-". Umar asked, "You adopted as your
successor to take care of them a former slave?". Nafi' replied, "O
Amir al-mu'minin, indeed he is a reader of the Book of Allah, an expert in
qiraat and memorizes the Qur'an) and an expert on astronomy and an expert in
history." So Umar r.a. said in a tone of approval, that we don't remember
that your Prophet said: "Verily Allah exalts a people by virtue of this
Book (Qur'an) and humiliates others because of it".
Tafsir Al Mujadilah ayat 11
Tafsir Al Mujadilah ayat 11
Hai orang-orang yang beriman, apabila dikatakan kepadamu
“Berlapang-lapanglah dalam majelis,” maka lapangkanlah, niscaya Allah akan
memberi kelapangan untukmu. Dan apabila dikatakan “Berdirilah kamu”, maka
berdirilah, niscaya Allah akan meninggikan orang-orang yang beriman di antaramu
dan orang-orang yang diberi ilmu pengetahuan beberapa derajat. Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui
apa yang kamu kerjakan (Al Mujadilah :11)
Qatadah mengatakan bahwa ayat ini diturunkan berkenaan
dengan majelis zikir. Demikian itu karena apabila mereka melihat ada seseorang
dari mereka yang baru datang, mereka tidak memberikan kelapangan untuk tempat
duduknya di hadapan Rasulullah SAW. Maka Allah memerintahkan kepada mereka agar
sebagian dari mereka memberikan kelapangan tmpat duduk untuk sebagian yang
lainnya.
Muqatil ibnu Hayan mengatakan bahwa ayat ini diturunkan pada
hari Jum’at, sedangkan Rasulullah SAW pada hari itu berada di suffah (serambi
masjid); dan di tempat itu penuh sesak dengan manusia. Kebiasaan Rasulullah SAW
adalah memuliakan orang-orang yang ikut dalam perang Badar, baik dari kalangan
Muhajirin maupun dari kalangan Anshar. Saat itu datanglah sejumlah orang dari
kalangan ahli perang Badar, sedangkan orang-orang selain mereka telah menempati
tempat duduk mereka di dekat Rasulullah SAW. Maka mereka yang baru datang
tersebut, berdiri menghadap kepada Rasulullah SAW dan berkata, “Semoga
kesejahteraan terlimpahkan kepada engkau, hai Nabi Allah, dan juga
keberkahan-Nya”. Lalu Nabi SAW menjawab salam mereka. Setelah itu mereka
mengucapkan salam pula kepada kaum yang telah hadir, dan kaum yang hadir pun
menjawab salam mereka. Maka mereka hanya dapat berdiri saja menunggu diberi
keluasan bagi mereka untuk duduk di majelis itu. Nabi SAW mengetahui penyebab
yang membbuat mereka tetap berdiri, karena tidak diberikan keluasan bagi mereka
di majelis itu. Melihat hal tersebut, Nabi SAW merasa tidak enak, maka beliau
bersabda kepada orang-orang yang ada di sekelilingnya dari kalangan Muhajirin
dan Ansar yang bukan dari kalangan ahli Badar, “Hai Fulan, berdirlah kamu. Juga
kamu, ai Fulan”. Dan Nabi SAW mempersilahkan duduk beberapa orang yang tadinya
hanya berdiri di hadapannya dari kalangan Muhajirin dan Ansar Ahli Badar.
Perlakuan itu membuat tidak senang orang-orang yang disuruh bangkit dari tempat
duduknya, dan Nabi SAW mengetahui keadaan ini dari roman mukamereka yang
disuruh beranjak dari tempat duduknya.
Maka orang-orang munafik memberikan tanggapan mereka,
“Bukankh kalian menganggap teman kalian ii berlaku adil di antara sesama
manusia? Demi Allah, kamimemandangnya tidak adilterhadap mereka. Sesungguhnya
suatu kaum telah mengambil tempat duduk mereka di dekat nabi mereka karena
mereka suka berada di dekat nabinya. Tetapi nabi mereka menyuruh mereka untuk
beranjak dari tempat duduknya, dan mempersilahkan orang-orang yang datang
terlambat untuk duduk di tempat mereka.
Maka Rasulullah SAW bersabda “semoga Allah mengasihani
seseorang yang memberikan keluasan tempat duduk bagi saudaranya”
Maka sejak itu, mereka bergegas meluaskan tempat duduk buat
saudara mereka, dan turunlah ayat ini di hari Jum’at.
Rasulullah bersabda “ Janganlah seseorang menyuruh berdiri
orang lain dari majelisnya, lalu ia duduk menggantikannya, tetapi lapangkanlah
dan luaskanlah tempat duduk kalian”.
Rasulullah SAW bersabda : Jangan sekali-kali seseorang
diantara kalian mengusir saudaranya (dari tempat duduknya) di hari Jum’at,
tetapi hendaklah ia mengatakan “ Lapangkanlah tempat duduk kalian”.
Nabi SAW telah bersabda : Janganlah seseorang mengusir
saudaranya dari tempat duduknya, kemudian ia duduk di tempatnya, tetapi
(katakanlah) “Berlapang-lapanglah kalian, semoga Allah memberikan kelapangan
kepada kalian”
Ulama fiqih berbeda pendapat mengenai kebolehan berdiri
karena menghormati seseorang yang datang. Ada beberapa pendapat di kalangan
mereka; diantaranya ada yang memberikan rukhsah (kemurahan) dalamhal ini karena
berlandaskan dalil hadits yangmenyatakan : “Berdirilah kamu untuk menghormati
pemimpinmu”
Namun diantara mereka ada yang melarang karena berdalilkan
hadits Nabi SAW yang lain yang menyatakan : “ Barangsiapa yang merasa senang
apabila orang-orang berdiri untuk menghormati dirinya, maka hendaklah ia
bersiap-siap untuk mengambil tempat duduknya di neraka”.
Diantara para ulama ada yang menanggapi masalah ini secara
rinci, yaitu berdiri menghormati seseorang diperbolehkan, apabila seseorang
yang dihormati tersebut baru tiba dari suatu perjalanan, sedangkan orang
tersebut (hakim/penguasa) berada di dalam daerah kekuasaannya.
Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hadits yang menceritakan bahwa
ketika Sa’d ibnu Mu’az menjadi hakim terhadap orang-orang Bani Quraizah, dan
Nabi melihatnya tiba, maka beliau bersabda kepada kaum muslim : “Berdirilah
kalian untuk menghormati pemimpin kalian”.
Penghormatan ini bertujuan tiada lain agar keputusan Sa’d
ibnu Mu’az nanti akan dihormati dan ditaati; hanya Allah-lah Yang Maha
Mengetahui. Adapun apabila kebiasaan tersebut dijadikan tradisi, maka hal
tersebut adalah merupakan kebiasaan yang dilakukan oleh orang-orang ‘Ajam
(selain Arab). Karena itu di dalam kitab-kitab sunnah disebutkan bahwa tiada
seorangpun yang lebih disukai oleh mereka (kaum muslimin), selain dari
Rasulullah SAW. Dan beliau apabila datang kepada mereka, merka tidak berdiri
untuknya, mengingat mereka mengetahui bahwa beliau tidak menyukai hal tersebut
Di dalam hadits yang diriwayatkan di dalam kitab-kitb sunnah
disebutkan bahwa Rasulullah SAW belum pernah duduk di tempat yang paling
ujungdari suatu majelis, tetapi beliau selalu duduk di tengah-tengah majelis
itu. Sedangkan para sahabat duduk di dekat beliausesuai dengan tingkatan
mereka. Maka Abu Bakar As-Sidiq r.a. duduk di sebelah kanan beliau, Umar r.a.
di sebelah kiri beliau, sedangkan yang didepan beliau sering kalinya adalah
Usman dan Ali, karena keduanya termasuk juru tulis wahyu.Dan Nabi sendirilah
yang memerintahkan keduanya untuk hal tersebut.
Rasulullah SAW bersabda : ‘Hendaklah orang-orang yang
memilikibudi dan akal yang duduk mendampingiku, kemudian orang-orang yang
sesudah mereka, kemudian orang-orang yang sesudah mereka”.
Hal ini tiada lain dimaksudkan agar mereka dapat memahami
dari beliau, apa yang beliau sampaikan. Karena itulah, maka beliau SAW
memerintahkan kepada mereka yang duduk di dekatnya untuk bangit dan agar duduk
di tempat mereka orang-orang ahli Badar yang baru tiba. Hal ini ada kalanya
karena mereka kurang menghargai kedudukan ahli Badar, atau agar ahli Badar yang
baru tiba itu dapat menerima bagian mereka dari ilmu sebagaimana yang telah
diterima oleh orang-orag yang sebelum mereka, atau barangkali untuk mengajarkan
kepada mereka bahwa orang-orang yang memiliki keutamaan itu (ahli Badar) harus
diprioritaskan berada di depan (dekat dengan Nabi SAW).
Rasulullah SAW bersabda : “Luruskanlah semua saf,
sejajarkanlah pundak-pundak (mu), tutuplah semua kekosongan (saf), dan
lunakkanlah tanganmu terhadap saudara-saudaramu, dan janganlah kamu biarkan
kekosongan (saf) mu ditempati oleh setan. Barang siapa yang menghubungkan saf
nya, maka Allah akan berhubungan dengannya; dan barangsiapa yang memutuskan saf,
maka Allah akan memutuskan hubungan dengannya”.
Karena itulah maka Ubay ibnu Ka’b yang terbilang ahli Qurra,
apabila sampai di saf yang pertama, maka dia mencabut seseorang darinya, yang
orang itu termasuk salah seorang dari orang-orang yang berakal lemah, lalu ia
masuk ke dalam saf pertama dan menggantikannya. Ia lakukan demikian karena
berpegang kepada hadis berikut yang mengatakan:
“Hendaklah mengiringiku dari kalian, orang-orang yang
berbudi dan berakal”
Lain halnya dengan
sikap Abdullah ibnu Umar, ia tidak mau duduk di tempat seseorang yang bangkit
darinya untuk dia, karena mengamalkan hadis yang telah disebutkan diatas.
Di dalam sebuah hadis, disebutkan bahwa ketia kami (para
sahabat) sedang dudk bersama Rasulullah SAW, tiba-tiba datanglah tiga orang.
Salah seorang dari mereka menjumpai kekosongan dalam halqah, maka ia masuk dan
duduk padanya. Sedangkan yang lain hanya duduk di belakang orang-orang, dan
orang yang ketiga pergi lagi.
Maka Rasulullah SAW bersabda : “ Ingatlah, aku
akanmenceritakan kepada kalian tentang orang yang terbaik diantara tiga orang
itu. Adapun orang yang pertama, dia berlindung kepada Allah, maka Allah pun
memberikan tempat baginya. Sedangkan orang yang kedua, ia merasa malu, maka
Allah merasa malu kepadanya. Dan adapun orang yang ketiga, dia berpaling, maka
Allah berpaling darinya”.
Rasulullah SAW bersabda “ Tidak diperbolehkan bagi seseorang
memisahkan diantara dua orang (dalam suatu majelis), melainkan dengan
seizinnya”.
Abdur Rahman ibnu Zaid ibnu Aslam mengatakan bahwa dahulu
mereka (para sahabat) apabila berada di hadapan Nabi SAW di rumahnya, dan waktu
bubar telah tiba, maka masing-masing dari merka menginginkan agar dirinyalah
orang yang paling akhir bubarnya dari sisi beliau. Dan ada kalanya, Nabi SAW
merasa keberatan dengan keadaan tersebut, karena barangkali Nabi SAW mempunyai
keperluan lain. Untuk itulah maka mereka diperintahkan agar pergi bila telah
tiba saat bubar majelis.
Firman Allah SWT : Niscaya Allah akan meninggikan
orang-orang yang beriman diantaramu dan orang-orang yang diberi ilmu
pengetahuan, beberapa derajat. Dan Allah Maha Mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan
(Al Mujadillah : 11)
Yakni janganlah kamu mempunyai anggapan bahwa apabila
seseorang diantara kaian memberikan kelapangan untuk tempat duduk saudaranya
yang baru tiba, atau dia disuruh bangkit dari tempat duduknya ntuk saudaranya
itu, hal itu mengurangi haknya (merendahkannya). Tidak, bahkan hal itu
merupakan suatu derajat ketinggian baginya di sisi Allah SWT, dan Allah tidak
akan menyia-nyiakan pahala itu untuknya, bahkan Dia akan memberikan balasan
pahalanya di dunia dan akhirat. Karena, sesungguhnya barangsiapa yang berendah
diri terhadap perintah Allah, niscaya Allah akan meninggikan kedudukannya dan
mengharumkan namanya.
Dikisahan bahwa Nafi’ ibnu Abdul Haris bersua dengan Umar
r.a. di Asfan, dan sebelumya Umar telah mengangkatnya menjadi amilnya di Mekah.
Maka Umar bertanya kepadanya, “Siapakah yang akan menggantikanmu untuk
memerintah ahli lembah itu (yakni Mekah)?”. Nafi’ menjawab, “Aku angkat sebagai
penggantiku terhadap mereka, Ibnu Abza – seorang dari bekas budak kami-“. Umar
bertanya, “Engkau angkat sebagai penggantimu untuk mengurus mereka seorang
bekas budak ?”. Nafi’ menjawab, “ Wahai Amirul Mukminin, sesungguhnya dia
adalah seorang pembaca Kitabullah ahli qiraat lagi hafal Al Qur’an) dan alim
mengenai ilmu falak serta ahli dalam sejarah”. Maka Umar r.a. berkata dengan
nada menyetujui, bahwa tidakkah kami ingat bahwa Nabimu telah bersabda :
“Sesungguhnya Allah meninggikan derajat suatu kaum berkat Kitab (Al Qur’an)
ini, dan merendahkan kaum lainnya karenanya”.
HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Do you remember that food is needed by the body to supply
energy? Food is processed in the body through four stages, namely: ingestion
(the process of putting food into the mouth), digestion (digestion), absorption
(absorption), and defecation (expenditure).
When food enters the mouth, the digestive process begins.
Digestion is the process of breaking down food into small molecules so that it
can be absorbed by the body through the blood vessels. Next, food molecules
from the blood enter the cells, crossing the cell membrane. Molecules that are
not used and needed by the body will be removed from the body through the
excretory system such as sweat and urine. Undigested food in the form of feces
will be excreted through the anus, this process is called defecation.
Digestion of food is divided into two types, namely
mechanical digestion and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion occurs when
food is chewed, mixed, and kneaded. Mechanical digestion, for example, occurs
in the mouth when food is crushed by the teeth. In chemical digestion, chemical
reactions occur that break down large molecules of food into smaller molecules.
Chemical digestion in the digestive process is usually carried out and assisted
by digestive enzymes, such as amylase in the mouth.
- Main Digestive Organs
The human digestive system consists of the main organs in
the form of the digestive tract and accessory (additional) organs. The
digestive tract is a channel through which food materials start from the mouth,
esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and ends at the
anus.
The tongue, teeth, salivary glands (salivary glands), liver,
gallbladder, and pancreas are accessory organs that aid in mechanical and
chemical digestion.
The digestive glands are accessory organs that secrete
enzymes to help digest food. For more details, you will learn about the
digestive system which includes the digestive tract and accessory organs,
including the following.
a. Mouth
Do you remember that ingestion takes place in the mouth?
Inside the mouth, there are teeth, tongue, and salivary
glands (saliva). Saliva contains mucous or mucus, compounds that function as
anti-bacterial, and the enzyme amylase or known as ptyalin enzyme. This enzyme
will break down starch molecules into maltose molecules. In the mouth occurs
mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
b. Esophagus (Esophagus)
After passing through the oral cavity, food in the form of a
bolus will enter the pharynx (pharynx). The pharynx is a tube that extends from
the back of the oral cavity to the surface of the esophagus (esophagus). At the
base of the pharynx is a respiratory valve called the epiglottis. Epiglottis
serves to close the end of the respiratory tract (larynx) so that food does not
enter the respiratory tract.
After passing through the pharynx, the bolus goes to the
esophagus (gullet). The muscles of the esophagus contract causing a squeezing
motion that pushes the bolus into the stomach. This esophageal muscle movement
is called peristalsis.
c. Stomach
After the esophagus, the food enters the stomach.
In the stomach, mechanical and chemical digestion occurs.
Mechanically the gastric muscles contract to churn the bolus. The bolus is
chemically mixed with gastric juice.
Gastric juice contains, hydrochloric acid (HCl), the enzyme
pepsin, and the enzyme renin. HCl functions to make the space in the stomach
acidic (pH 1-3) so that it can kill germs that enter with food. The pepsin
enzyme will hydrolyze (break down) protein into peptone (a mixture of
polypeptides and amino acids). The renin enzyme will precipitate the casein
protein found in milk. After going through the digestive process for 2-4 hours
in the stomach, the bolus becomes a yellowish material called chyme (intestinal
porridge). Kimus will enter little by little into the duodenum. This
arrangement is aided by the presence of sphincters, which are muscles arranged
in a circle between the stomach and duodenum.
d. Small intestine
The small intestine is about 8.25 meters long. The small
intestine consists of three parts, namely, the 12 finger intestine (duodenum)
with a length of about 0.25 meters, the middle intestine (jejunum) with a
length of about 7 meters, and the absorption intestine (ileum) with a length of
about 1 meter. In the small intestine, chemical digestion occurs only.
In the duodenum there is a duct that is connected to the
duodenum, bile and pancreas. Pancreatic juice contains the enzymes lipase,
amylase, and trypsin. Lipase enzymes will digest fats into fatty acids and
glycerol. Amylase will digest starch into maltose. Trypsin will digest proteins
into polypeptides. Bile sap produced by the liver will emulsify fat, which
makes fat soluble in water.
Digestion of food continues in the jejunum. In this section
the last digestion occurs before food substances are absorbed. Nutrients after
passing through the jejunum into a form that is ready to be absorbed.
Absorption of nutrients occurs in the ileum. Glucose,
water-soluble vitamins, amino acids, and minerals after being absorbed by the
villi of the small intestine will be carried by the blood to the liver and
circulated throughout the body. Glucose in the liver is then stored in the form
of glycogen. Fatty acids, glycerol, and fat-soluble vitamins after being
absorbed by the villi of the small intestine will be carried by lymph vessels
to the liver, where they are stored in fatty tissue.
The structure of the human intestine has folds, both
external and internal, which serve to widen the absorption area.
The wider the surface area of the interior of the
intestine, the more villi there are, which will cause the absorption process
that occurs to be more effective. Glory to God who has designed the structure
of the small intestine like that. Imagine if the intestinal structure is flat,
then the absorption is also ineffective and takes a very long time, as a result
we will lack the supply of nutrients.
d. Colon
The large intestine or colon has a length of ± 1 meter and
consists of an ascending (upward) colon, a transverse (flat) colon, and a
descending (descending) colon and ends at the anus. Between the small intestine
and the large intestine is the appendix (cecum).
At the end of the cecum there is a small protrusion called
the appendix which contains a mass of white blood cells that play a role in
immunity. Food materials that reach the large intestine can be said to be waste
substances. Wastes remain in the large intestine for 1 to 4 days. The residue
consists of large amounts of water and indigestible food materials, such as
cellulose.
The large intestine functions to regulate the water content
of leftover food. If the water content in the leftover food is too much, then
the colon wall will absorb the excess water. On the other hand, if the leftover
food lacks water, the colon wall will expel water and send it to the rest of
the food. In the large intestine there are lots of Escherichia coli bacteria
that help decompose the remnants of the food. Escherichia coli bacteria are
able to form vitamins K and B12.
The rest of the food that is not used by the body along with
smelly gases is called feces and is excreted through the anus. After you know
the digestive organs and how the digestive process occurs in them.
a. Heart
The liver is the largest gland in the body, located on the
right side of the abdominal cavity below the diaphragm. The liver plays a role
in the detoxification process. When the blood contains several substances that
are harmful and toxic, the liver will neutralize these toxins so that they are
not harmful to the body.
The liver is a storage organ. The liver will remove iron
(Fe) and vitamins A, D, E, K, and B12 from the blood and store them. The liver
also plays a role in maintaining the balance of blood glucose levels. When
blood glucose levels are low, the liver releases glucose by breaking down
glycogen. In fact, if needed, the liver will convert glycerol, fatty acids, and
amino acids into glucose. In addition, the liver also regulates cholesterol
levels in the blood. Cholesterol will be converted into colic acid (cholic
acid) which serves to emulsify fat. Liver cells secrete a sap containing
cholesterol, colic acid, bile salts, lecithin, bilirubin, and electrolytes.
This sap is called bile sap.
The gallbladder is an organ under the liver. This sac will
store bile produced by the liver. Bile sap is greenish yellow because it
contains the pigment bilirubin. Bilirubin is a pigment formed from the
breakdown of hemoglobin. Bile sap will be released into the small intestine and
play a role in emulsifying fat. Thus, fat will be broken down into small
granules so that it is more easily digested by digestive enzymes and continues
the breakdown process until it can be absorbed by the body.
c. Pancreas
This insulin hormone functions to regulate the process of converting glucose in the blood into glycogen which is stored in the liver. The presence of the hormone insulin is what controls the balance of the amount of glucose in the blood. If there is a disturbance in insulin production, it can lead to diabetes.
After Hardship there is Relief
Verily, after hardship there is relief, verily after hardship there is relief. (Al Insyirah: 5-6)
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